the quality of penetration and development of french language in iran, emphasizing on the role of alliance schools (from the rise of qajar dynasty up to the world war i)

concerning the penetration and development of french language in iran, present article is trying to scrutinize a part of unknown cultural history of qajar era. by the rise of the period, especially in the reign of mohammad shah (1250-1264 a.h.), not only the socio-political causes, but also the different institutions, nobles and personalities took an important role to penetrate and develop of french language and literature in iran. but in this trend, the most important role was held by « the french alliance schools », established in 1889 (1307 a.h.). hence, the causes and the elements that provided the ground for such penetration will be investigated, initially. then, in another part, beside the reflection of the aims of french alliances, the quality of their establishment and the challenges they faced in iran would be studied. at the end, the extent of french language and literature development would be surveyed in iran.